I have a customer that routinely deletes sub-folders in their Outlook mailboxes.
These subfolders get re-recreated programmatically later.
They’re using Outlook 2003, and up until a few days ago, were on Exchange 2003.
We just upgraded to Exchange 2010 on the back end.

After the upgrade, the customer is having trouble deleting sub-folders. We press the delete key on the keyboard, or right-click and choose to delete, and nothing happens.
There is no error message in the Application Log to give us a clue about what is happening.

I have seen this kind of problem before, but it only happened when deleting “system folders”, for example when we somehow got a duplicate Calendar folder, or when we want to delete the “Sync Issues” folder.
In those cases, the solution was to open Outlook Web Access and delete the folder from there. So I tried it with this scenario.

Surprisingly, Outlook Web Access delivered a useful error message! Basically, it told me that it could not delete the folder because there was already a folder with that name in the Deleted Items folder.
I went and looked, and found not only a folder with that same name, but also a bunch of others with incrementally numbered names, like Folder, Folder1, Folder2, Folder3, etc.

My conclusion:
With Exchange 2003, if you delete a folder, and there is already a folder with that name in the Deleted Items folder, Exchange simply adds a number to the folder name as it drops the folder into Deleted Items.
With Exchange 2010, it fails to delete the folder and, with the Outlook 2003 client at least, fails to notify you about why it cannot delete the folder.

So it seems that Exchange 2010 is slightly retarded in this aspect. WTF, Microsoft?!

Additional: I have tested this scenario with Exchange 2007 and Outlook 2007. It adds a number to the end of the folder, no problem. Unfortunately, I do not have a test platform with Exchange 2010 and Outlook 2010 available. However, I will have such a test platform in the near future. I will test this when that becomes available, and update the article with the results.

Tags: Exchange, Outlook, Outlook Web Access

You completed your migration. Everything was working great. You did some cleanup in ADSIEdit. A while later, after a reboot, your Public Folders went missing! The event log errors look something like this: MapiExceptionADPropertyError: Unable to mount database. (hr=0×80004005, ec=2418)

Well, if you were dumb like this guy and myself, you did this:
“It started when I removed the Exchange 2003 First Adminstrative Group from Active Directory with adsiedit. The old EX2003 server was not in the Old Administrative Group, but Ex2007 public folders had a dependency on a “Folders Hierarchies” object in the old Administrative Group.”

Here are the instructions to fix it:
Open ADSI Edit, connect to a Domain Controller, change the context to Configuration.

Create the Folder Hierarchies under the Exchange Administrative Group
Navigate to Configuration ⇒ Services ⇒ Microsoft Exchange ⇒ [your organization] ⇒Administrative Groups ⇒ [your administrative group]
Right click on and select New Object
Select msExchContainer as class and click Next
Enter the following as value: Folder Hierarchies, click Next, Finish

Create the Public Folders Tree Object
Right click Folder Hierarchies and select New Object
Select msExchPFTree as class, click Next
Enter the following as value: Public Folders, click Next
Click on More Attributes button, select msExchPFTreeType and set the value to 1
Click OK, Finish

Populate the msExchOwningPFTreeBL attribute object of the PF Store
(Tell the Public Folder database where to find the new folder hierarchy you just created)
Double click the newly created “Public Folders” object
Double click distinguishedName, copy the value to the clipboard, click Cancel
Exchange 2007: open properties of Configuration ⇒ Services ⇒ Microsoft Exchange ⇒ [your organization] ⇒ Administrative Groups ⇒ [your administrative group]⇒ Servers ⇒ [your server] ⇒ Information Store
Exchange 2010: open properties of Configuration ⇒ Services ⇒ Microsoft Exchange ⇒ [your organization] ⇒ Administrative Groups ⇒ [your administrative group] ⇒ Databases ⇒ [your Public Folder database]
Double click the msExchOwningPFTree attribute, paste the value that was copied to the clipboard in step 2
Click OK twice

Here’s a screen shot of where to find the attribute. Click for full size image.

Try to mount the Store
Restart the Microsoft Exchange System Attendant Service
Open Exchange System Manager and try to mount the PF store
It is usually found under Organization Configuration ⇒ Mailbox ⇒ Database Management tab.

There are some almost-correct instructions out there for this problem:
You may find similar instructions telling you to use “msExchPublicFolderTreeContainer” for the class of the Folder Hierarchies object. I followed those instructions the first time around, and as a result the Public Folder database would mount, but when I opened the Public Folder Management Console in the Toolbox, I got this error:
Couldn’t find a MAPI public folder tree. It was running the command ‘get-publicfolder -getchildren -identity ‘\’ -server ‘myserver.mydomain.local”
So do yourself a favor and use “msExchContainer” instead. Thanks, James Luo, you’re the man!

After a mailbox migration from SBS 2003 to SBS 2008, I noticed that the mailbox size limit was set to 2 GB. I removed that limit.

The next day, I got reports that two users were not receiving e-mail, and had this error:

Delivery has failed to these recipients or distribution lists:

The recipient’s mailbox is full and can’t accept messages now. Microsoft Exchange will not try to redeliver this message for you. Please try resending this message later, or contact the recipient directly.

Checking those user accounts, I discovered that the Storage Quota inheritance was disabled, and the users were explicitly set to the 2 GB limit. Those two users were the only ones with mailboxes above that size limit. I had to manually adjust each user’s settings to remove the limits and set the inheritance from the mailbox database settings.

The change did not take effect immediately. I ended up rebooting the server, though it is possible that simply restarting the Exchange services would have done the trick.

Jason (a commenter) pointed out that there is a much simpler and faster way to deal with this than manually adjusting the quotas. It seems that the SBS Console includes a setting for this:

Tags: Exchange 2007, Mailbox Size Limits, SBS 2008

Not long ago, I received an e-mail from the owner of a business that I provide IT services to. It was forwarded from an intern at the company. Here is what it said:

From: [Intern]
Sent: Monday, March 01, 2010 12:06 PM
To: [Owner]
Cc: [Admin person]
Subject: Way to save money?

I was doing some research into this, and it may be a way for our company to cut some costs. Google has a more efficient and easy way to control email and calendars than Microsoft exchange server. It removes the need for servers, tapes, etc., for our email system and saves money as well. Granted I don’t know what we pay for the server and IT support, but they break down the costs on the website.

A great benefit: it allows employees to choose to use outlook or Gmail as the client (ie: don’t have to train people who are accustomed to outlook and don’t want to switch – not that Gmail is complicated). We keep all the same email addresses and such, however it allows EVERYONE to check their email and calendars from home, much easier than with the exchange server, and Google syncs the calendar, contacts and emails with outlook so everyone has the same information.
• Because chat is part of Google, quick answers can be received from within the office, rather than having to write up an email, yet it is stored as an email. Below is the link to information on the business premium version of Google apps.
• 25 GB storage per person is also a huge factor. I believe that may be larger than what we currently have with MS exchange.
• Email archiving of up to 10 years of retention
• Better spam controllers (we wouldn’t need our specialty spam software)
• Fully secure web server
http://www.google.com/apps/intl/en/business/index.html There are also some videos from some large business who use Google rather than Microsoft here.

This is the link to the cost savings calculator: http://www.google.com/apps/intl/en/business/messaging_value.html I find it really interesting the difference in costs. If we were able to save over $100,000 in a 3-year time period by switching, maybe it’s worth it?

Take a look and let me know what you think. I was trying to explain Google Wave to you both last week when we were discussing marketing, and how I think it is the start of what is to come in business communication, and I think Google apps is also in this realm. Personally, I know that I love Gmail and all the applications associated with it, and I think I can speak for [admin person] in that she agrees with me (we’ve both mentioned the “conversation” aspects of Gmail which are incredibly useful at helping organize your inbox).

Thanks,
[An intern at one of my clients]

Here is my response to the customer:

Summary: Switching to Google e-mail will increase your e-mail costs by 40 percent and complicate your infrastructure by decentralizing it.

Truth in advertising:
I think that large enterprises that have entirely different network and software licensing infrastructure from yours might be able to save some money with this. They have huge costs for servers and software that are dedicated to running their e-mail system and don’t have any other roles. Instead, small businesses have less costly servers ($3500) that perform multiple roles, one of which is e-mail.

Google’s figures assume that you’ll be buying two servers at $5,000 each JUST to run your e-mail, that you’ll somehow be paying $3,193 for a ten user license of Exchange, which is about twice the actual cost, assuming a standalone Exchange server that is not part of Small Business Server. The SBS edition combines the e-mail license as part of the overall license, further reducing the cost.

There is also an assumption that your IT admin will spend a bunch of hours specifically working on the e-mail system. That may be true for large businesses, but I’ve hardly touched your e-mail system in years.

The figures on the Google website are inflated, designed to catch your eye. They are not accurate figures for a company of your size and with your e-mail usage.

Also, outsourcing the e-mail to Google will not eliminate the need to have a server or backup system. You’ll still need that for your files, centralized control of user accounts, antivirus control, VPN access, accounting software, etc. So you’re only affecting one component – email. But you’re not eliminating it, you’re moving it further from your control. Also, someone in your company (or paid by your company) still has to manage it whether it’s at Google or in your office. The software licenses for it are tied in with your licenses for the other components of the server. You’ve already paid those licenses.
Your actual IT costs:
Nearly all of the money you have spent maintaining your network has been on things like printers, server OS and file backups, workstation issues, firewall, switch, etc. These other components of your infrastructure would still be needed to run your business and to access and work with your Google Mail. The only money you have spent on e-mail was a result of having more than one e-mail account on your computers, which was not related to hosting your own e-mail.

Your IT costs through BFTech from 3/24/2009 through today have been $3540. That’s just the labor. You’ve also purchased a server. Your total costs are probably more like $7500 – but that included replacing some equipment that was more than 5 years old. Looking through the descriptions of those costs, I see about $350 of that being related to e-mail – your home e-mail, NOT company e-mail. You’re paying about $250 per year for the Postini anti-spam service, and a percentage of your antivirus cost is e-mail related. Those are the only ongoing costs that are specifically tied to your e-mail. Let’s call it $500/year combined.

When it is time to replace the Proliant server, which runs your files, printers, user logons and e-mail, that might cost you $10k if I gouge you mercilessly for labor costs and make you upgrade to SBS 2008– but the portion of that cost which will be related to e-mail will be about 15% – so that’s $1500 you’ll be spending on maintaining your e-mail. That happens about every 3-4 years, so that’s between $375 and $500 that can be attributed to e-mail. Let’s say for sake of argument that you replace your server every three years.

So how are you going to save $100,000 in three years when you’re only spending about $2000 in three years on your e-mail?

You’ll save $2 per mailbox per month ($2 x 10 users x 12 months = $250/yr) by not needing to have Postini. That means each month, you can buy an extra pizza and a couple of beers with your savings. Oh, but wait – you’re going to have to pay Google $3,302/year for the privilege of hosting your e-mail with them. So much for the pizza and beer.

In fact, let’s look at that a little more closely. Right now you’re spending about $2000/year in e-mail related costs. Google wants $3302/year for 10 users.

Aren’t numbers great? We can play with them all day and make them say different things.
Features:
Easy access from home/mobile – Right now, your users can check their e-mail from home by just going to [OWA URL]. The logon process for that is no more difficult than the logon process for Google. Their entire mailbox is in there, not just their Inbox, calendar, and contacts. If your users have a Windows Mobile smartphone, or an iPhone, or a Droid, or a Palm smartphone, or a Samsung smartphone, or any number of other mobile phones that support Microsoft ActiveSync, they can work with their e-mail, calendar, contacts, and tasks right from their mobile device.  This support is just as widespread as the Google mail thing – maybe more so at this point.

Chat -  that looks nifty – but if it stores as an e-mail, why not send an e-mail using a web browser, phone, or mail client? Microsoft used to have an IM component built into Exchange. They stopped including it because nobody was using it.

E-mail Conversations and organizing – Outlook has many different views and ways to organize your e-mail, including a Conversation view. This is not an Exchange vs. Google thing. It’s a feature of Outlook, and you can use it no matter what e-mail system you are using.

Storage capacity – 25 GB per user is definitely more than Exchange server supports at your current license level – but who needs that much? Your mailbox, that you have been building up for more than ten years, is 6.5 GB in size. [Intern’s] is 1.2 GB. If we needed more capacity, we could upgrade your Exchange licensing and expand to meet the need, and still come in below Google’s pricing in the medium to long term.

E-mail archiving – also nifty, and if at some point in the future you need it, we should evaluate the costs to implement it on your existing server or migrate to a service like Google mail that includes it.

Integrated anti-spam – that’s a good feature. I like that. See the comment above regarding pizza and beer.

Security – Has anyone hacked your Outlook Web Access server lately?
The bottom line:
You have to support a network infrastructure anyway, for reasons other than e-mail. E-mail is a relatively small portion of your IT costs. You are utilizing a very small percentage of what your Exchange server is capable of. It can be made to do much more.
Google is “the new hotness” – but is your Exchange system “old and busted”?
I don’t think so.

I also submitted this thread to some other consultants on an e-mail distribution list, and here are their responses:

-=-=-

Ellis:

The number one reason I’ve found to recommend an internal e-mail system over any hosted solution is how can a missing message be traced that the business is critically dependent on?  That is the kind of situation where the ability for us to be able to dive into the message tracking logs, filters and other connectivity systems to find out where the connection failed, and this can provide value that outweighs the cost of the entire e-mail system if the message is valuable enough.

-=-=-

Eugene:

By the way, I laughed when I saw the $100,000 in 3 years thing.  When has this customer ever spent $100,000 in 3 years on all their IT (let alone the email portion, as you point out)?  Most small to medium-small business don’t spend that kind of money, so it’s patently impossible for them to _save_ that kind of money.  And since savings are always a proper (obviously) fraction of spend that is well below unity (i.e. well below 100%) – because the new vendor damn well wants a piece of the pie to take to their own bank – they’d have to spend multiple times that – so, multiple hundreds of thousands per 3 years.  Doesn’t happen, as you point out – you set them up with $3,500 budget servers, reasonable compromise backups plans (i.e. no gold-plated tapes stored in nobel-gas-filled earthquake-proof offsite vaults), and only as much consulting as they need to make their email and OWA work in a normal fashion, and your customer’s costs are quite reasonable.

Regarding Intern’s mention of Google Wave: it is not a real thing at this time, and there’s no indication anytime soon that it will be.  Therefore it is a non-feature, with no importance to the client.
See http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/01/18/google_wave_drowning/ – “Google Wave isn’t even close to being ready yet for the average user” (published 9 weeks ago)
-=-=-

Joe:

When it breaks, who do you call and what do you expect?  Notice that Wikipedia.com was offline today?  At this point it’s nice to have a bit of control.  You know what you have, you don’t have to worry about a failure outside of your control.  If something breaks, you can walk over, tap the person on the shoulder and ask what the issue is, and when things will be back up.  Who are you to Google?  How important is your business working to them?

Lets say you want to cut down on costs, what can you cut from Google?  You can have me come in less, do no upgrades, and for the most part things should continue to run at a minimal cost.

I’ll also toss in the large file between users – where it has to be uploaded to the server and then pulled down again (rather than staying on the LAN).  It’s not like the client gets to turn off a server by doing this.  All it’s doing is replacing part of a software package that’s already owned and implemented, to let’s change, and this is how many hours of billable work it is to change.  Change like this is expensive for no savings.

Easy math = My Hourly Rate x Hours to Migrate all existing data into this new setup = more than you would save in 2-3 years time by changing.

-=-=-

Patty:

Agreed on all counts.  I don’t think g-mail tech support could be a replacement for a consultant or on-site help desk when problems arise.  That being said, I also think it would probably be the consultant dealing with that g-mail support and charging the client in turn for the time spent dealing with them rather than just solving the problem directly.  Thanks to Microsoft SBS, the e-mail portion of IT expense is small and would be extremely difficult for any outside vendor to compete with from a cost or functionality standpoint.

-=-=-

Ken:

I think you and others have nailed it on a number of counts, particularly with the point about flexible IT budgeting. Customers like being able to get lean when they have to and then ramp up quickly when they get busy.

-=-=-

Here’s a good account of what can go wrong with this type of service as well:
http://www.windowsitpro.com/article/cloud-computing2/Networking-Forecast-Cloudy-with-a-Chance-of-Indifference.aspx

Tags: Exchange, Google Mail

So how the heck do you check mailbox sizes in Exchange 2007? There’s no GUI for it (yet). Maybe that will come in Service Pack 3. Or maybe we have to wait for Exchange 2010.

You can do it in Exchange Management Shell though. here’s the command:

get-mailbox | get-mailboxstatistics | select-object DisplayName,ItemCount,TotalItemSize,LastLogonTime,LastLogoffTime,LastLoggedOnUserAccount | ft

You’ll want to make sure your window size is set nice and wide to accomodate all of that data. I guess with all of the widescreen monitors being forced on us by the people who decide what is sexy to sell to us, that shouldn’t be too hard. if widescreen doesn’t work for you, just replace the “ft” at the end with “fl” for list format instead of table format. Harder to take in at a glance, but it will be nice and vertical.

Want to make an icon to double-click for this? Copy/paste the command into a text file, rename the extension to .ps1, and call it from Powershell like so:

C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -PSConsoleFile “C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\bin\exshell.psc1″ -noexit -command “. ‘d:\disks\exchstats.ps1′”

Tags: Exchange 2007, Powershell